At a recent meeting between the General Authority for Land and Maritime Border Crossings and CMA CGM, both sides—represented by

In this short analysis, Dr Karam Shaar and Researcher Benjamin Feve analyze General License 24 (GL24), issued on 6 January

Before Syria’s conflict stabilized, Russian companies moved to secure deals in energy, construction, and mediation, but much of this remains

Syria’s Oil Journey: Once a net exporter in 2011, the country was importing 95% of oil by 2012. Today, the

In 2010, Syria’s oil sector was the backbone of its economy, contributing 18% to GDP. A decade of conflict and

As Syria’s narco-state crumbles, a new chapter in the captagon trade begins. With regime-linked labs dismantled, smaller, mobile networks are

When global sanctions isolated Syria in 2011, Russia stepped in, securing key energy and mining deals. With Assad’s regime gone,

As Syria experiences significant political shifts, millions of lives hang in the balance.   Easing sanctions could help revive the

Electricity production in Syria has dropped by 75% since 2011.   With damaged power plants and fuel shortages, millions are

Syria’s oil sector, once a cornerstone of the economy, is now in ruins.   The SDF controls 86% of production,