Rainfall in the first quarter of 2025 was the lowest since 1997, signaling a potential catastrophic drought. The implications for food security, livelihoods, and cholera outbreaks are dire, especially amid declining foreign aid.

Since the fall of Assad, Syria has registered 97 new companies, primarily small LLCs in non-productive sectors like trade. Foreign participation is increasing, with notable changes in nationality composition

Direct taxes have declined sharply as Syria’s tax base eroded, while regressive fees surged, burdening the poor. Reform is urgent to create a fairer system, broaden revenue, and restore legitimacy in the post-Assad era.

Billions in Syrian assets remain stuck in Lebanon’s collapsed banking system, depriving Syria of crucial reconstruction funds, with no path to recovery in sight.

The Islamic State and al-Qaeda remain weakened but not eliminated; Damascus has thwarted several attacks since Assad’s fall. The government’s performance in counterterrorism will shape international engagement and Syria’s security trajectory.

Syria’s banks are compliant and ready to reconnect internationally, but recovery hinges on lifting sanctions, Central Bank independence, and rebuilding trust with local and foreign stakeholders.